思科路由器ISDN配置

思科路由器是我们网络常用设备，对于ISDN的配置，这里详细的向大家描述了怎样去配置一个ISDN服务，同时去实现DDR和回拨命令。

本文面向思科路由器初学者详细的介绍了如何去进行ISDN的配置，并且通过SHOW RUN去查看配置后的结果，同时向大家介绍实现DDR以及举例说明如何去配置。

1.综合数字业务网（ISDN）

综合数字业务网（ISDN）由数字电话和数据传输服务两部分组成，一般由电话局提供这种服务。ISDN的基本速率接口（BRI）服务提供2个B信道和1个D信道（2B+D）。BRI的B信道速率为64Kbps,用于传输用户数据。D信道的速率为16Kbps，主要传输控制信号。在北美和日本，ISDN的主速率接口（PRI）提供23个B信道和1个D信道，总速率可达1.544Mbps，其中D信道速率为64Kbps。而在欧洲、澳大利亚等国家，ISDN的PRI提供30个B信道和1个64Kbps D信道，总速率可达2.048Mbps。我国电话局所提供ISDN PRI为30B+D。

2.基本命令

任务命令

设置ISDN交换类型isdn switch-type switch-type1

接口设置interface bri 0

设置PPP封装encapsulation ppp

设置协议地址与电话号码的映射dialer map protocol next-hop-address [name hostname] [broadcast] [dial-string]

启动PPP多连接ppp multilink

设置启动另一个B通道的阈值dialer load-threshold load

显示ISDN有关信息show isdn {active | history | memory | services | status [dsl | interface-type number] | timers}

注：1.交换机类型如下表,国内交换机一般为basic-net3。

按区域分关键字 交换机类型

Australia

basic-ts013 Australian TS013 switches

Europe

basic-1tr6 German 1TR6 ISDN switches

basic-nwnet3 Norway NET3 switches (phase 1)

basic-net3 NET3 ISDN switches (UK, Denmark, and other nations); covers the Euro-ISDN E-DSS1 signalling system

primary-net5 NET5 switches (UK and Europe)

vn2 French VN2 ISDN switches

vn3 French VN3 ISDN switches

Japan

ntt Japanese NTT ISDN switches

primary-ntt Japanese ISDN PRI switches

North America

basic-5ess AT&T basic rate switches

basic-dms100 NT DMS-100 basic rate switches

basic-ni1 National ISDN-1 switches

primary-4ess AT&T 4ESS switch type for the U.S. (ISDN PRI only)

primary-5ess AT&T 5ESS switch type for the U.S. (ISDN PRI only)

primary-dms100 NT DMS-100 switch type for the U.S. (ISDN PRI only)

New Zealand

basic-nznet3 New Zealand Net3 switches

思科路由器是我们网络常用设备，对于ISDN的配置，这里详细的向大家描述了怎样去配置一个ISDN服务，同时去实现DDR和回拨命令。

3.ISDN实现DDR（dial-on-demand routing）实例:

设置如下：

Router1:

hostname router1

user router2 password cisco

!

isdn switch-type basic-net3

!

interface bri 0

ip address 192.200.10.1 255.255.255.0

encapsulation ppp

dialer map ip 192.200.10.2 name router2 572

dialer load-threshold 80

ppp multilink

dialer-group 1

ppp authentication chap

！

dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit

!

Router2:

hostname router2

user router1 password cisco

!

isdn switch-type basic-net3

!

interface bri 0

ip address 192.200.10.2 255.255.255.0

encapsulation ppp

dialer map ip 192.200.10.1 name router1 571

dialer load-threshold 80

ppp multilink

dialer-group 1

ppp authentication chap

！

dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit

!

CiscoCisco思科路由器同时支持回拨功能，我们将Cisco思科路由器Router1作为Callback Server,Router2作为Callback Client。

与回拨相关命令:

任务命令

映射协议地址和电话号码，并在接口上使用在全局模式下定义的PPP回拨的映射类别。dialer map protocol address name hostname class classname dial-string

设置接口支持PPP回拨ppp callback accept

在全局模式下为PPP回拨设置映射类别map-class dialer classname

通过查找注册在dialer map里的主机名来决定回拨. dialer callback-server [username]

设置接口要求PPP回拨ppp callback request

设置如下：

Router1:

hostname router1

user router2 password cisco

!

isdn switch-type basic-net3

!

interface bri 0

ip address 192.200.10.1 255.255.255.0

encapsulation ppp

dialer map ip 192.200.10.2 name router2 class s3 572

dialer load-threshold 80

ppp callback accept

ppp multilink

dialer-group 1

ppp authentication chap

！

map-class dialer s3

dialer callback-server username

dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit

!

Router2:

hostname router2

user router1 password cisco

!

isdn switch-type basic-net3

!

interface bri 0

ip address 192.200.10.2 255.255.255.0

encapsulation ppp

dialer map ip 192.200.10.1 name router1 571

dialer load-threshold 80

ppp callback request

ppp multilink

dialer-group 1

ppp authentication chap

！

dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit

!

相关调试命令：

debug dialer

debug isdn event

debug isdn q921

debug isdn q931

debug ppp authentication

debug ppp error

debug ppp negotiation

debug ppp packet

show dialer

show isdn status

思科路由器是我们网络常用设备，对于ISDN的配置，这里详细的向大家描述了怎样去配置一个ISDN服务，同时去实现DDR和回拨命令。

举例:

执行debug dialer命令观察router2呼叫router1,router1回拨router2的过程.

router1#debug dialer

router2#ping 192.200.10.1

router1#

00:03:50: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to up

00:03:50: BRI0:1PP callback Callback server starting to router2 572

00:03:50: BRI0:1: disconnecting call

00:03:50: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to down

00:03:50: BRI0:1: disconnecting call

00:03:50: BRI0:1: disconnecting call

00:03:51: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:2, changed state to up

00:03:52: callback to router2 already started

00:03:52: BRI0:2: disconnecting call

00:03:52: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:2, changed state to down

00:03:52: BRI0:2: disconnecting call

00:03:52: BRI0:2: disconnecting call

00:04:05: : Callback timer expired

00:04:05: BRI0:beginning callback to router2 572

00:04:05: BRI0: Attempting to dial 572

00:04:05: Freeing callback to router2 572

00:04:05: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to up

00:04:05: BRI0:1: No callback negotiated

00:04:05: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Virtual-Access1, changed state to up

00:04:05: dialer Protocol up for Vi1

00:04:06: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface BRI0:1, changed state

to up

00:04:06: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Virtual-Access1, chang

ed state to up

00:04:11: %ISDN-6-CONNECT: Interface BRI0:1 is now connected to 572

#router1

4.ISDN访问首都在线263网实例:

本地局部网地址为10.0.0.0/24,属于保留地址，通过NAT地址翻译功能，局域网用户可以通过ISDN上263网访问Internet。263的ISDN电话号码为2633，用户为263，口令为263，所涉及的命令如下表：

任务命令

指定接口通过PPP/IPCP地址协商获得IP地址ip address negotiated

指定内部和外部端口ip nat {inside | outside}

使用ppp/pap作认证ppp authentication pap callin

指定接口属于拨号组1dialer-group 1

定义拨号组1允许所有IP协议dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit

设定拨号，号码为2633dialer string 2633

设定登录263的用户名和口令ppp pap sent-username 263 password 263

设定默认路由ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 bri 0

设定符合访问列表2的所有源地址被翻译为bri 0所拥有的地址ip nat inside source list 2 interface bri 0 overload

设定访问列表2，允许所有协议access-list 2 permit any

具体配置如下：

hostname Cisco2503

!

isdn switch-type basic-net3

!

ip subnet-zero

no ip domain-lookup

ip routing

!

interface Ethernet 0

ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0

ip nat inside

no shutdown

!

interface Serial 0

shutdown

no description

no ip address

!

interface Serial 1

shutdown

no description

no ip address

!

interface bri 0

ip address negotiated

ip nat outside

encapsulation ppp

ppp authentication pap callin

ppp multilink

dialer-group 1

dialer hold-queue 10

dialer string 2633

dialer idle-timeout 120

ppp pap sent-username 263 password 263

no cdp enable

no ip split-horizon

no shutdown

!

ip classless

!

! Static Routes

!

ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 bri 0

!

! Access Control List 2

!

access-list 2 permit any

!

dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit

!

! Dynamic NAT

!

ip nat inside source list 2 interface bri 0 overload

snmp-server community public ro

!

line console 0

exec-timeout 0 0

!

line vty 0 4

!

end