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至顶网网络频道Nginx负载均衡搭建胜过Apache十倍?

Nginx负载均衡搭建胜过Apache十倍?

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Nginx是目前比较重要的开源性负载均衡技术,新浪、网易、六间房等很多网站都将Nginx部署进自己的网站系统架构,并解决部分问题。本文是作者长期的实战经验,很有参考价值。

作者:it168 来源:it168 2008年9月25日

关键字: Apache 负载均衡 Nginx

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在本页阅读全文(共3页)

  PHP5安装、配置内容

  二、安装PHP 5.2.6(FastCGI模式)
  1、编译安装PHP 5.2.6所需的支持库:
  tar zxvf libiconv-1.12.tar.gz
  cd libiconv-1.12/
  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local
  make
  make install
  cd ../

  tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
  cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
  ./configure
  make
  make install
  /sbin/ldconfig
  cd libltdl/
  ./configure --enable-ltdl-install
  make
  make install
  cd ../../

  tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.tar.gz
  cd mhash-0.9.9/
  ./configure
  make
  make install
  cd ../

  cp /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.* /usr/lib
  ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2

  tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.7.tar.gz
  cd mcrypt-2.6.7/
  ./configure
  make
  make install
  cd ../

 

  2、编译安装MySQL 5.1.26-rc
  /usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
  /usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
  tar zxvf mysql-5.1.26-rc.tar.gz
  cd mysql-5.1.26-rc/
  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile
  make && make install
  chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql
  chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql
  cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf
  cd ../

 

  附:以下为附加步骤,如果你想在这台服务器上运行MySQL数据库,则执行以下两步。如果你只是希望让PHP支持MySQL扩展库,能够连接其他服务器上的MySQL数据库,那么,以下两步无需执行。
  ①、以mysql用户帐号的身份建立数据表:
  /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/data --user=mysql --pid-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/mysql.pid --skip-locking --port=3306 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock


  ②、启动MySQL(最后的&表示在后台运行)
  /bin/sh /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf &

 

  3、编译安装PHP(FastCGI模式)
  tar zxvf php-5.2.6.tar.gz
  gzip -cd php-5.2.6-fpm-0.5.8.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.6 -p1
  cd php-5.2.6/
  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl
  sed -i 's#-lz -lm -lxml2 -lz -lm -lxml2 -lz -lm -lcrypt#& -liconv#' Makefile
  make
  make install
  cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
  cd ../

 

  4、编译安装PHP5扩展模块
  tar zxvf memcache-2.2.3.tgz
  cd memcache-2.2.3/
  /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
  ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
  make
  make install
  cd ../

  tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
  cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3/
  /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
  ./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
  make
  make install
  cd ../


  5、修改php.ini文件
  手工修改:查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
  修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
  并在此行后增加以下几行,然后保存:
  extension = "memcache.so"

  再查找output_buffering = Off
  修改为output_buffering = On

  自动修改:若嫌手工修改麻烦,可执行以下shell命令,自动完成对php.ini文件的修改:
  sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension = "memcache.so"\n#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
  sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini


  6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP:
  mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache
  vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

  按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾,加上以下配置信息:
  引用
  [eaccelerator]
  zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
  eaccelerator.shm_size="128"
  eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"
  eaccelerator.enable="1"
  eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
  eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
  eaccelerator.debug="0"
  eaccelerator.filter=""
  eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
  eaccelerator.shm_ttl="300"
  eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="120"
  eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
  eaccelerator.compress="1"
  eaccelerator.compress_level="9"


  修改配置文件:
  vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  输入以下内容:
  引用
  kernel.shmmax = 134217728

  然后执行以下命令使配置生效:
  /sbin/sysctl -p

 

  7、创建www用户和组,以及供blog.s135.com和www.s135.com两个虚拟主机使用的目录:
  /usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
  /usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
  mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog
  chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog
  chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog
  mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www
  chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www
  chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www


  8、创建php-fpm配置文件(php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁,可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi):
  在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目录中创建php-fpm.conf文件:
  rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
  vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

  输入以下内容(如果您安装 Nginx + PHP 用于程序调试,请将以下的<value name="display_errors">0</value>改为<value name="display_errors">1</value>,以便显示PHP错误信息,否则,Nginx 会报状态为500的空白错误页):
  view plaincopy to clipboardprint?
  <?xml?version="1.0"??> 
  <configuration> 

  All?relative?paths?in?this?config?are?relative?to?php's?install?prefix  ?

  <section?name="global_options"> 

  Pid?file  ?
  <value?name="pid_file">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value> 

  Error?log?file  ?
  <value?name="error_log">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value> 

  Log?level  ?
  <value?name="log_level">notice</value> 

  When?this?amount?of?php?processes?exited?with?SIGSEGV?or?SIGBUS?...  ?
  <value?name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value> 

  ...?in?a?less?than?this?interval?of?time,?a?graceful?restart?will?be?initiated.  ?
  Useful?to?work?around?accidental?curruptions?in?accelerator's?shared?memory.  ?
  <value?name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value> 

  Time?limit?on?waiting?child's?reaction?on?signals?from?master  ?
  <value?name="process_control_timeout">5s</value> 

  Set?to?'no'?to?debug?fpm  ?
  <value?name="daemonize">yes</value> 

  </section> 

  <workers> 

  <section?name="pool"> 

  Name?of?pool.?Used?in?logs?and?stats.  ?
  <value?name="name">default</value> 

  Address?to?accept?fastcgi?requests?on.  ?
  Valid?syntax?is?'ip.ad.re.ss:port'?or?just?'port'?or?'/path/to/unix/socket'  ?
  <value?name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value> 

  <value?name="listen_options"> 

  Set?listen(2)?backlog  ?
  <value?name="backlog">-1</value> 

  Set?permissions?for?unix?socket,?if?one?used.  ?
  In?Linux?read/write?permissions?must?be?set?in?order?to?allow?connections?from?web?server.  ?
  Many?BSD-derrived?systems?allow?connections?regardless?of?permissions.  ?
  <value?name="owner"></value> 
  <value?name="group"></value> 
  <value?name="mode">0666</value> 
  </value> 

  Additional?php.ini?defines,?specific?to?this?pool?of?workers.  ?
  <value?name="php_defines"> 
  <value?name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail?-t?-i</value> 
  <value?name="display_errors">0</value> 
  </value> 

  Unix?user?of?processes  ?
  <value?name="user">www</value> 

  Unix?group?of?processes  ?
  <value?name="group">www</value> 

  Process?manager?settings  ?
  <value?name="pm"> 

  Sets?style?of?controling?worker?process?count.  ?
  Valid?values?are?'static'?and?'apache-like'  ?
  <value?name="style">static</value> 

  Sets?the?limit?on?the?number?of?simultaneous?requests?that?will?be?served.  ?
  Equivalent?to?Apache?MaxClients?directive.  ?
  Equivalent?to?PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN?environment?in?original?php.fcgi  ?
  Used?with?any?pm_style.  ?
  <value?name="max_children">200</value> 

  Settings?group?for?'apache-like'?pm?style  ?
  <value?name="apache_like"> 

  Sets?the?number?of?server?processes?created?on?startup.  ?
  Used?only?when?'apache-like'?pm_style?is?selected  ?
  <value?name="StartServers">20</value> 

  Sets?the?desired?minimum?number?of?idle?server?processes.  ?
  Used?only?when?'apache-like'?pm_style?is?selected  ?
  <value?name="MinSpareServers">5</value> 

  Sets?the?desired?maximum?number?of?idle?server?processes.  ?
  Used?only?when?'apache-like'?pm_style?is?selected  ?
  <value?name="MaxSpareServers">250</value> 

  </value> 

  </value> 

  Time?limit?on?waiting?execution?of?single?request  ?
  Should?be?used?when?'max_execution_time'?ini?option?does?not?terminate?execution?for?some?reason  ?
  <value?name="request_execution_timeout">31s</value> 

  Set?open?file?desc?rlimit  ?
  <value?name="rlimit_files">51200</value> 

  Set?max?core?size?rlimit  ?
  <value?name="rlimit_core">0</value> 

  Chroot?to?this?directory?at?the?start  ?
  <value?name="chroot"></value> 

  Chdir?to?this?directory?at?the?start  ?
  <value?name="chdir"></value> 

  Redirect?workers'?stdout?and?stderr?into?main?error?log.  ?
  If?not?set,?they?will?be?redirected?to?/dev/null,?according?to?FastCGI?specs  ?
  <value?name="catch_workers_output">yes</value> 

  How?much?requests?each?process?should?execute?before?respawn.  ?
  Useful?to?work?around?memory?leaks?in?3rd?party?libraries.  ?
  For?endless?request?processing?please?specify?0  ?
  Equivalent?to?PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS  ?
  <value?name="max_requests">51200</value> 

  Comma?separated?list?of?ipv4?addresses?of?FastCGI?clients?that?allowed?to?connect.  ?
  Equivalent?to?FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS?environment?in?original?php.fcgi?(5.2.2+)  ?
  Makes?sense?only?with?AF_INET?listening?socket.  ?
  <value?name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value> 

  Pass?environment?variables?like?LD_LIBRARY_PATH  ?
  All?$VARIABLEs?are?taken?from?current?environment  ?
  <value?name="environment"> 
  <value?name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value> 
  <value?name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value> 
  <value?name="TMP">/tmp</value> 
  <value?name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value> 
  <value?name="TEMP">/tmp</value> 
  <value?name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value> 
  <value?name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value> 
  <value?name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value> 
  </value> 

  </section> 

  </workers> 

  </configuration> 


  9、启动php-cgi进程,监听127.0.0.1的9000端口,进程数为200(如果服务器内存小于3GB,可以只开启64个进程),用户为www:
  ulimit -SHn 51200
  /usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start

  注:/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm还有其他参数,包括:start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate,修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi,重新加载配置文件使用reload。

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