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ZDNet>网络频道>ZD评测>Nginx负载均衡搭建胜过Apache十倍?

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Nginx是目前比较重要的开源性负载均衡技术,新浪、网易、六间房等很多网站都将Nginx部署进自己的网站系统架构,并解决部分问题。本文是作者长期的实战经验,很有参考价值。

来源:it168 2008年09月25日

关键字:Nginx 负载均衡 Apache

本文是我撰写的关于搭建“Nginx + PHP(FastCGI)”Web服务器的第4篇文章。本系列文章作为国内最早详细介绍 Nginx + PHP 安装、配置、使用的资料之一,为推动 Nginx 在国内的发展产生了积极的作用。

  众网站纷纷重视Nginx

  这是一篇关于Nginx 0.7.x系列版本的文章,安装、配置方式与第3篇文章相差不大,但配置参数有不同。Nginx 0.7.x系列版本虽然为开发版,但在很多大型网站的生产环境中已经使用。

  Nginx ("engine x") 是一个高性能的 HTTP 和反向代理服务器,也是一个 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服务器。 Nginx 是由 Igor Sysoev 为俄罗斯访问量第二的 Rambler.ru 站点开发的,它已经在该站点运行超过两年半了。Igor 将源代码以类BSD许可证的形式发布。

  Nginx 超越 Apache 的高性能和稳定性,使得国内使用 Nginx 作为 Web 服务器的网站也越来越多,其中包括新浪博客、新浪播客、网易新闻等门户网站频道,六间房、56.com等视频分享网站,Discuz!官方论坛、水木社区等知名论坛,豆瓣、YUPOO相册、海内SNS、迅雷在线等新兴Web 2.0网站。

  Nginx:承受3万并发连接数,胜过Apache 10倍

  在高并发连接的情况下,Nginx是Apache服务器不错的替代品。Nginx同时也可以作为7层负载均衡服务器来使用。根据我的测试结果,Nginx 0.7.14 + PHP 5.2.6 (FastCGI) 可以承受3万以上的并发连接数,相当于同等环境下Apache的10倍。

  根据我的经验,4GB内存的服务器+Apache(prefork模式)一般只能处理3000个并发连接,因为它们将占用3GB以上的内存,还得为系统预留1GB的内存。我曾经就有两台Apache服务器,因为在配置文件中设置的MaxClients为4000,当Apache并发连接数达到3800时,导致服务器内存和Swap空间用满而崩溃。

  而这台 Nginx 0.7.14 + PHP 5.2.6 (FastCGI) 服务器在3万并发连接下,开启的10个Nginx进程消耗150M内存(15M*10=150M),开启的64个php-cgi进程消耗1280M内存(20M*64=1280M),加上系统自身消耗的内存,总共消耗不到2GB内存。如果服务器内存较小,完全可以只开启25个php-cgi进程,这样php-cgi消耗的总内存数才500M。

  在3万并发连接下,访问Nginx 0.7.14 + PHP 5.2.6 (FastCGI) 服务器的PHP程序,仍然速度飞快。下图为Nginx的状态监控页面,显示的活动连接数为28457(关于Nginx的监控页配置,会在本文接下来所给出的Nginx配置文件中写明):

  我生产环境下的两台Nginx + PHP5(FastCGI)服务器,跑多个一般复杂的纯PHP动态程序,单台Nginx + PHP5(FastCGI)服务器跑PHP动态程序的处理能力已经超过“700次请求/秒”,相当于每天可以承受6000万(700*60*60*24=60480000)的访问量(更多信息见此),而服务器的系统负载也不高:

  如何获取相关开源程序?

  安装步骤:
  (系统要求:Linux 2.6+ 内核,本文中的Linux操作系统为CentOS 5.1,另在RedHat AS4上也安装成功)


  一、获取相关开源程序:
  1、利用CentOS Linux系统自带的yum命令安装、升级所需的程序库(RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包,进行安装):
  sudo -s
  LANG=C
  yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel


  2、RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包(事先可通过类似“rpm -qa | grep libjpeg”的命令查看所需的RPM包是否存在,通常是“xxx-devel”不存在,需要安装)。RedHat可以直接利用CentOS的RPM包安装,以下是RPM包下载网址:
  ①、RedHat AS4 & CentOS 4
  http://mirror.be10.com/centos/4/os/i386/CentOS/RPMS/
  http://mirror.be10.com/centos/4/os/x86_64/CentOS/RPMS/

  ②、RedHat AS5 & CentOS 5
  http://mirror.be10.com/centos/5/os/i386/CentOS/
  http://mirror.be10.com/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/

  ③、RPM包搜索网站
  http://rpm.pbone.net/
  http://www.rpmfind.net/

  3、下载程序源码包:
  本文中提到的所有开源软件为截止到2008年8月28日的最新稳定版。
  mkdir -p /data0/software
  cd /data0/software
  wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.7.14.tar.gz
  wget http://www.php.net/get/php-5.2.6.tar.gz/from/this/mirror
  wget http://php-fpm.anight.org/downloads/head/php-5.2.6-fpm-0.5.8.diff.gz
  #wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.26-rc.tar.gz/from/http://mirror.x10.com/mirror/mysql/
  wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/mysql/mysql-5.1.26-rc.tar.gz
  wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.12.tar.gz
  #wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz?modtime=1171868460&big_mirror=0"
  wget http://mirror.optus.net/sourceforge/m/mc/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
  #wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.7.tar.gz?modtime=1194463373&big_mirror=0"
  wget http://mirror.optus.net/sourceforge/m/mc/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.7.tar.gz
  wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.3.tgz
  #wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.tar.gz?modtime=1175740843&big_mirror=0"
  wget http://mirror.optus.net/sourceforge/m/mh/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.tar.gz
  wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-7.7.tar.gz
  wget http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.5.3/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2

  PHP5安装、配置内容

  二、安装PHP 5.2.6(FastCGI模式)
  1、编译安装PHP 5.2.6所需的支持库:
  tar zxvf libiconv-1.12.tar.gz
  cd libiconv-1.12/
  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local
  make
  make install
  cd ../

  tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
  cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
  ./configure
  make
  make install
  /sbin/ldconfig
  cd libltdl/
  ./configure --enable-ltdl-install
  make
  make install
  cd ../../

  tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.tar.gz
  cd mhash-0.9.9/
  ./configure
  make
  make install
  cd ../

  cp /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.* /usr/lib
  ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2

  tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.7.tar.gz
  cd mcrypt-2.6.7/
  ./configure
  make
  make install
  cd ../

 

  2、编译安装MySQL 5.1.26-rc
  /usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
  /usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
  tar zxvf mysql-5.1.26-rc.tar.gz
  cd mysql-5.1.26-rc/
  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile
  make && make install
  chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql
  chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql
  cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf
  cd ../

 

  附:以下为附加步骤,如果你想在这台服务器上运行MySQL数据库,则执行以下两步。如果你只是希望让PHP支持MySQL扩展库,能够连接其他服务器上的MySQL数据库,那么,以下两步无需执行。
  ①、以mysql用户帐号的身份建立数据表:
  /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/data --user=mysql --pid-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/mysql.pid --skip-locking --port=3306 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock


  ②、启动MySQL(最后的&表示在后台运行)
  /bin/sh /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf &

 

  3、编译安装PHP(FastCGI模式)
  tar zxvf php-5.2.6.tar.gz
  gzip -cd php-5.2.6-fpm-0.5.8.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.6 -p1
  cd php-5.2.6/
  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl
  sed -i 's#-lz -lm -lxml2 -lz -lm -lxml2 -lz -lm -lcrypt#& -liconv#' Makefile
  make
  make install
  cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
  cd ../

 

  4、编译安装PHP5扩展模块
  tar zxvf memcache-2.2.3.tgz
  cd memcache-2.2.3/
  /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
  ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
  make
  make install
  cd ../

  tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
  cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3/
  /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
  ./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
  make
  make install
  cd ../


  5、修改php.ini文件
  手工修改:查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
  修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
  并在此行后增加以下几行,然后保存:
  extension = "memcache.so"

  再查找output_buffering = Off
  修改为output_buffering = On

  自动修改:若嫌手工修改麻烦,可执行以下shell命令,自动完成对php.ini文件的修改:
  sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension = "memcache.so"\n#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
  sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini


  6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP:
  mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache
  vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

  按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾,加上以下配置信息:
  引用
  [eaccelerator]
  zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
  eaccelerator.shm_size="128"
  eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"
  eaccelerator.enable="1"
  eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
  eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
  eaccelerator.debug="0"
  eaccelerator.filter=""
  eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
  eaccelerator.shm_ttl="300"
  eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="120"
  eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
  eaccelerator.compress="1"
  eaccelerator.compress_level="9"


  修改配置文件:
  vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  输入以下内容:
  引用
  kernel.shmmax = 134217728

  然后执行以下命令使配置生效:
  /sbin/sysctl -p

 

  7、创建www用户和组,以及供blog.s135.com和www.s135.com两个虚拟主机使用的目录:
  /usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
  /usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
  mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog
  chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog
  chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog
  mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www
  chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www
  chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www


  8、创建php-fpm配置文件(php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁,可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi):
  在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目录中创建php-fpm.conf文件:
  rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
  vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

  输入以下内容(如果您安装 Nginx + PHP 用于程序调试,请将以下的<value name="display_errors">0</value>改为<value name="display_errors">1</value>,以便显示PHP错误信息,否则,Nginx 会报状态为500的空白错误页):
  view plaincopy to clipboardprint?
  <?xml?version="1.0"??> 
  <configuration> 

  All?relative?paths?in?this?config?are?relative?to?php's?install?prefix  ?

  <section?name="global_options"> 

  Pid?file  ?
  <value?name="pid_file">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value> 

  Error?log?file  ?
  <value?name="error_log">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value> 

  Log?level  ?
  <value?name="log_level">notice</value> 

  When?this?amount?of?php?processes?exited?with?SIGSEGV?or?SIGBUS?...  ?
  <value?name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value> 

  ...?in?a?less?than?this?interval?of?time,?a?graceful?restart?will?be?initiated.  ?
  Useful?to?work?around?accidental?curruptions?in?accelerator's?shared?memory.  ?
  <value?name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value> 

  Time?limit?on?waiting?child's?reaction?on?signals?from?master  ?
  <value?name="process_control_timeout">5s</value> 

  Set?to?'no'?to?debug?fpm  ?
  <value?name="daemonize">yes</value> 

  </section> 

  <workers> 

  <section?name="pool"> 

  Name?of?pool.?Used?in?logs?and?stats.  ?
  <value?name="name">default</value> 

  Address?to?accept?fastcgi?requests?on.  ?
  Valid?syntax?is?'ip.ad.re.ss:port'?or?just?'port'?or?'/path/to/unix/socket'  ?
  <value?name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value> 

  <value?name="listen_options"> 

  Set?listen(2)?backlog  ?
  <value?name="backlog">-1</value> 

  Set?permissions?for?unix?socket,?if?one?used.  ?
  In?Linux?read/write?permissions?must?be?set?in?order?to?allow?connections?from?web?server.  ?
  Many?BSD-derrived?systems?allow?connections?regardless?of?permissions.  ?
  <value?name="owner"></value> 
  <value?name="group"></value> 
  <value?name="mode">0666</value> 
  </value> 

  Additional?php.ini?defines,?specific?to?this?pool?of?workers.  ?
  <value?name="php_defines"> 
  <value?name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail?-t?-i</value> 
  <value?name="display_errors">0</value> 
  </value> 

  Unix?user?of?processes  ?
  <value?name="user">www</value> 

  Unix?group?of?processes  ?
  <value?name="group">www</value> 

  Process?manager?settings  ?
  <value?name="pm"> 

  Sets?style?of?controling?worker?process?count.  ?
  Valid?values?are?'static'?and?'apache-like'  ?
  <value?name="style">static</value> 

  Sets?the?limit?on?the?number?of?simultaneous?requests?that?will?be?served.  ?
  Equivalent?to?Apache?MaxClients?directive.  ?
  Equivalent?to?PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN?environment?in?original?php.fcgi  ?
  Used?with?any?pm_style.  ?
  <value?name="max_children">200</value> 

  Settings?group?for?'apache-like'?pm?style  ?
  <value?name="apache_like"> 

  Sets?the?number?of?server?processes?created?on?startup.  ?
  Used?only?when?'apache-like'?pm_style?is?selected  ?
  <value?name="StartServers">20</value> 

  Sets?the?desired?minimum?number?of?idle?server?processes.  ?
  Used?only?when?'apache-like'?pm_style?is?selected  ?
  <value?name="MinSpareServers">5</value> 

  Sets?the?desired?maximum?number?of?idle?server?processes.  ?
  Used?only?when?'apache-like'?pm_style?is?selected  ?
  <value?name="MaxSpareServers">250</value> 

  </value> 

  </value> 

  Time?limit?on?waiting?execution?of?single?request  ?
  Should?be?used?when?'max_execution_time'?ini?option?does?not?terminate?execution?for?some?reason  ?
  <value?name="request_execution_timeout">31s</value> 

  Set?open?file?desc?rlimit  ?
  <value?name="rlimit_files">51200</value> 

  Set?max?core?size?rlimit  ?
  <value?name="rlimit_core">0</value> 

  Chroot?to?this?directory?at?the?start  ?
  <value?name="chroot"></value> 

  Chdir?to?this?directory?at?the?start  ?
  <value?name="chdir"></value> 

  Redirect?workers'?stdout?and?stderr?into?main?error?log.  ?
  If?not?set,?they?will?be?redirected?to?/dev/null,?according?to?FastCGI?specs  ?
  <value?name="catch_workers_output">yes</value> 

  How?much?requests?each?process?should?execute?before?respawn.  ?
  Useful?to?work?around?memory?leaks?in?3rd?party?libraries.  ?
  For?endless?request?processing?please?specify?0  ?
  Equivalent?to?PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS  ?
  <value?name="max_requests">51200</value> 

  Comma?separated?list?of?ipv4?addresses?of?FastCGI?clients?that?allowed?to?connect.  ?
  Equivalent?to?FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS?environment?in?original?php.fcgi?(5.2.2+)  ?
  Makes?sense?only?with?AF_INET?listening?socket.  ?
  <value?name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value> 

  Pass?environment?variables?like?LD_LIBRARY_PATH  ?
  All?$VARIABLEs?are?taken?from?current?environment  ?
  <value?name="environment"> 
  <value?name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value> 
  <value?name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value> 
  <value?name="TMP">/tmp</value> 
  <value?name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value> 
  <value?name="TEMP">/tmp</value> 
  <value?name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value> 
  <value?name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value> 
  <value?name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value> 
  </value> 

  </section> 

  </workers> 

  </configuration> 


  9、启动php-cgi进程,监听127.0.0.1的9000端口,进程数为200(如果服务器内存小于3GB,可以只开启64个进程),用户为www:
  ulimit -SHn 51200
  /usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start

  注:/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm还有其他参数,包括:start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate,修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi,重新加载配置文件使用reload。

  安装、配置Nginx 0.7.14

  三、安装Nginx 0.7.14
  1、安装Nginx所需的pcre库:
  tar zxvf pcre-7.7.tar.gz
  cd pcre-7.7/
  ./configure
  make && make install
  cd ../


  2、安装Nginx
  tar zxvf nginx-0.7.14.tar.gz
  cd nginx-0.7.14/
  ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
  make && make install
  cd ../


  3、创建Nginx日志目录
  mkdir -p /data1/logs
  chmod +w /data1/logs
  chown -R www:www /data1/logs


  4、创建Nginx配置文件
  ①、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件:
  rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
  vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

  输入以下内容:
  引用
  user  www www;

  worker_processes 8;

  error_log  /data1/logs/nginx_error.log  crit;

  pid        /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;

  #Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
  worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;

  events
  {
  ?use epoll;
  ?worker_connections 51200;
  }

  http
  {
  ?include       mime.types;
  ?default_type  application/octet-stream;

  ?#charset  gb2312;
  ?
  ?server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
  ?client_header_buffer_size 32k;
  ?large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
  ?
  ?sendfile on;
  ?tcp_nopush     on;

  ?keepalive_timeout 60;

  ?tcp_nodelay on;

  ?fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
  ?fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
  ?fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
  ?fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
  ?fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
  ?fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
  ?fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

  ?gzip on;
  ?gzip_min_length  1k;
  ?gzip_buffers     4 16k;
  ?gzip_http_version 1.0;
  ?gzip_comp_level 2;
  ?gzip_types       text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
  ?gzip_vary on;

  ?#limit_zone  crawler  $binary_remote_addr  10m;

  ?server
  ?{
  ?listen       80;
  ?server_name  blog.s135.com;
  ?index index.html index.htm index.php;
  ?root  /data0/htdocs/blog;

  ?#limit_conn   crawler  20;   

  ?location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
  ?{     
  ?#fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
  ?fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
  ?fastcgi_index index.php;
  ?include fcgi.conf;
  ?}
  ?
  ?location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
  ?{
  ?expires      30d;
  ?}

  ?location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
  ?{
  ?expires      1h;
  ?}   

  ?log_format  access  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
  ?'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
  ?'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
  ?access_log  /data1/logs/access.log  access;
  ?}

  ?server
  ?{
  ?listen       80;
  ?server_name  www.s135.com;
  ?index index.html index.htm index.php;
  ?root  /data0/htdocs/www;

  ?location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
  ?{     
  ?#fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
  ?fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
  ?fastcgi_index index.php;
  ?include fcgi.conf;
  ?}

  ?log_format  wwwlogs  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
  '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
  ?access_log  /data1/logs/wwwlogs.log  wwwlogs;
  ?}

  ?server
  ?{
  ?listen  80;
  ?server_name  status.blog.s135.com;

  ?location / {
  ?stub_status on;
  ?access_log   off;
  ?}
  ?}
  }


  ②、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件:
  vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf

  输入以下内容:
  引用
  fastcgi_param  GATEWAY_INTERFACE  CGI/1.1;
  fastcgi_param  SERVER_SOFTWARE    nginx;

  fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING       $query_string;
  fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method;
  fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type;
  fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;

  fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
  fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;
  fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI        $request_uri;
  fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_URI       $document_uri;
  fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root;
  fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol;

  fastcgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR        $remote_addr;
  fastcgi_param  REMOTE_PORT        $remote_port;
  fastcgi_param  SERVER_ADDR        $server_addr;
  fastcgi_param  SERVER_PORT        $server_port;
  fastcgi_param  SERVER_NAME        $server_name;

  # PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
  fastcgi_param  REDIRECT_STATUS    200;


  5、启动Nginx
  ulimit -SHn 51200
  /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

 

  四、配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP
  vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
  引用
  ulimit -SHn 51200
  /usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
  /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

 

  五、优化Linux内核参数
  vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
  引用
  net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
  net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
  net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
  net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
  net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
  net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000


  使配置立即生效:
  /sbin/sysctl -p

 

  六、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置
  (1)、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后,请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确:
  /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

  如果屏幕显示以下两行信息,说明配置文件正确:
  the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
  the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully

  (2)、这时,输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号:
  ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'

  屏幕显示的即为Nginx主进程号,例如:
  6302
  这时,执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效:
  kill -HUP 6302

  或者无需这么麻烦,找到Nginx的Pid文件:
  kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`

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