在版本12.3之前,每个特性都需要对IOS进行升级,这样对于客户来说对于各种版本的IOS的选择来说具有很大的困惑。现在思科12.3版本(路由器) 或者12.2S版本(交换机)对于众多的特性进行了打包(packaging)策略用于简化选择:44个特性被组合成路由器的八个特性集,多层交换机的七 个特性集和两层交换机的两个特性集。K8特性集从2003年八月开始被K9特性集所取代。
交换机软件包(Switches p ackages)
该特性包主要针对的交换机产品从2900到6500,包括以下特性包: Layer2 Base, LAN Base, IP Base, IP Services, Advanced IP Services, Enterprise Services 和Advanced Enterprise Services.其中Layer2 Base 和LAN Base软件包只针对二层交换机,从IP Base开始针对多层交换机(MLS Switches) .出厂的交换机缺省情况下二层加载了Layer2 Base的软件包,多层加载了IP Base的软件包。
下面介绍各个软件包所具体包含的特性集:
LAYER2 BASE : 用于接入层交换机,通常为29xx. 特性集 : Bridging, spanning-tree (802.1D), 802.1X, etherchannel (802.3ad), Rapid Spanning-Tree (802.1s/w), port-security, smartports, SSHv2.
LAN BASE : 用于需要配置QoS和过滤的接入层交换机,通常为29xx. 特性集: Cisco AutoQos,
Cisco AutoSecure, 802.1X, Time Based ACL, Port based ACL, advanced QoS ( Layer 2 to 4 classification, ingress policing, ingress rate limiting, classification DSCP)。
IP BASE: 用于小型局域网路由,硬件切换等交换机,通常为6500 特性集: Static routing, RIP, Stub EIGRP, basic PIM, HSRP, VRRP, GRE tunnels.
IP SERVICES : 用于多层交换的局域网或者广域网,需要高可用性等,通常为6500 特性集: IP routing EIGRP, OSPF, PIM, BGP, PBR, GLBP, HSRP, VRRP, Redundant PR+, Multi-VRF, WAN, NBAR.
ADVANCED IP SERVICES: 用于多层交换的ISP,园区广域网等,通常为6500 特性集: IS-IS, MPLS, L2VPN, L3VPN, IPv6.
ENTERPRISE SERVICES : 用于多层交换的汇聚层或者核心层,通常为6500 特性集: Appletalk routing, IPX, services IBM
ADVANCED ENTERPRISE SERVICES : 用于多层交换的汇聚层或者核心层,通常为6500 特性集: Firewall IOS, IDS .
汇总图
下面是相应软件包的命名举例:
软件包名 文件名
Layer 2 Base C2900-layer2basek9-mz
LAN Base C2900-lanbasek9-mz
IP Base C6500-ipbasek9-mz
IP Services C6500-ipservicesk9-mz
Advanced IP Services C6500-advipservicesk9
Enterprise Services C6500-entservicesk9
Advanced Enterprise Services C6500-adventservicesk9
800到3800系列路由器软件包
下面这八个针对路由器的软件包从IOS 12.3T版本开始,2005年八月放出: IP Base, IP Voice, Advanced Security, SP Services, Advanced IP Services, Enterprise Base, Enterprise Services和Advanced Enterprise Services.缺省出厂的路由器都加载的是IP BASE软件包.
下面是各个软件包所包含的具体特性集 :
IP BASE : 路由器的出厂配置. 特性集 : DSL, Ethernet switching, inter-vlan 802.1q routing, vlans trunking.
IP VOICE : 用于语音/电话架构的网络. 特性集 : Voice modules interfaces, H.323, MGCP, SIP, SRST (Survivable Remote Site Telephony), Call Manager Express.
ADVANCED SECURITY: 用于安全架构的网络,VPN网络. 特性集: Firewall IOS (SDM, CSM), IP flow security, VoIP, intrusion detection, Easy VPN client/server.
SP SERVICES : 用于ISP网络,园区网,城域网. 特性集: Data and voice flow connectivity on IP and ATM, MPLS labels switching.
ADVANCED IP SERVICES : 用于DSL ISP,Cable ISP或者IPv6网络. 特性集: Security and data/voice VPN, IPv6 connectivity.
ENTERPRISE BASE : 用于和老的需要IPX等协议的网络进行路由. 特性集: multi-protocols IP, Appletalk, Novell, IPX.
ENTERPRISE SERVICES : 用于需要古老协议的网络和ISP网络. 特性集: Voice over ATM 和IBM services (Enterprise Base).
ADVANCED ENTERPRISE SERVICES : 用于多协议网络,城域网,VPN,VOIP等. 特性集: Data/voice multi-protocols on IP, Appletalk, Novell, DECnet, security, VPN, MPLS labels switching, Ipv6 networks.
汇总图:
常这些软件包可以通过两种方式来区分,一种是IOS的文件名,另一种是销售商的产品号(product code)
下面是一个2800系列路由器的命名示例:
软件包名 文件名 产品号
IP Base C2800-ipbase-mz S28NIPB-12308T
IP Voice C2800-ipvoice-mz S28NIPV-12308T
Enterprise Base C2800-entbase-mz S28NEB-12308T
Advanced Security C2800-advsecurityk9-mz S28NASK9-12308T
SP Services C2800-spservicesk9-mz S28NSPSK9-12308T
Advanced IP Services C2800-advipservicesk9-mz S28NAISK9-12308T
Enterprise Services C2800-entservicesk9-mz S28NESK9-12308T
Advanced Enterprise Services C2800-adventerprisek9-mz S28NAESK9-12308T
一个2800 IP Voice的软件包价格450欧,而一个Advanced Enterprise Services的软件包则价值2000欧...
7200/7300系列路由器软件包
7200/7300系列路由器软件包7200/7300系列路由器的软件包和前面800到3800系列的软件包主要有以下三个不同:
IP Base软件包增加了SSH特性支持 package
Advanced Enterprise Services软件包增加了SNA switching特性支持
Advanced IP Services 增加了Lawful Intercept特性支持。Lawful Intercept (LI)指的是可以满足政府对路由器数据进行侦听的需要. 而这样的软件包也价格不菲,7200的相应软件包价值9000欧.
汇总图(适用于IOS 12.4(2)T):
7200 系列路由器的IOS命名演化
IOS IP PLUS c7200-is-mz => c7200-ipbase-mz, c7200-ipbasek9-mz, c7200-spservicesk9-mz, c7200-advipservicesk9-mz
IOS IP IPSec 3DES c7200-ik9s-mz => c7200-ipbasek9-mz, c7200-spservicesk9-mz, c7200-advipservicesk9-mz
IOS IP/FW/IDS IPSec 3DES c7200-ik9o3s-mz => c7200-advsecurityk9-mz, c7200-advipservicesk9-mz
IOS ENTERPRISE c7200-js-mz => c7200-adventerprisek9-mz
IOS ENTERPRISE SSG c7200-g4js-mz => c7200-advipservicesk9-mz (licence SSG)
IOS SERVICE PROVIDER IPSec 3DES LAWFUL INTERCEPT c7200-jsu2-mz => c7200-advipservicesk9_li-mz
IOS ENTERPRISE IPSec 3DES c7200-jk9s-mz => c7200-adventservicesk9-mz
IOS ENTERPRISE/FW/IDS IPSec 3DES c7200-jk9o3s => c7200-adventerprisek9-mz
IOS ENTERPRISE/SNASW IPSec 3DES c7200-a3jk9s => c7200-adventerprisek9_sna-mz
7300系列路由器IOS命名演化
IOS IP PLUS c7301-is-mz => c7301-ipbase-mz, c7301-ipbasek9-mz, c7301-spservicesk9-mz, c7301-advipservicesk9-mz
IOS IP IPSec 3DES c7301-ik9s-mz => c7301-ipbasek9-mz, c7301-spservicesk9-mz, c7301-advipservicesk9-mz
IOS IP/FW/IDS IPSec 3DES c7301-ik9o3s-mz => c7301-advsecurityk9-mz, c7301-advipservicesk9-mz
IOS ENTERPRISE c7301-js-mz => c7301-adventerprisek9-mz
IOS ENTERPRISE SSG c7301-g4js-mz => c7301-advipservicesk9-mz (license SSG)
IOS SERVICE PROVIDER IPSec 3DES LAWFUL INTERCEPT c7301-jsu2-mz => c7301-advipservicesk9_li-mz
IP SSG IPSec 3DES LAWFUL INTERCEPT c7301-g4jk9su2-mz => c7301-advipservicesk9_li-mz (license SSG)
IOS ENTERPRISE IPSec 3DES c7301-jk9s-mz => c7301-adventservicesk9-mz
IOS ENTERPRISE/FW/IDS IPSec 3DES c7301-jk9o3s => c7301-adventerprisek9-mz
IOS ENTERPRISE/SNASW IPSec 3DES c7301-a3jk9s => c7301-adventerprisek9_sna-mz
中止支持的协议
从12.2 版本以后下面的特性将不被思科IOS所支持: Dot10vLAN, Lan Emulation, Xremote, NASI, LAN Extension, 802.10, appletalk EIGRP, Apollo domain, Banyan Vines, EGP, HP Probe, IGRP, NHRP for IPX, NLSP, SMRP, XNS, Netflow feature acceleration.