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至顶网网络频道网络管理 RIP实现等开销负载均衡的配置

RIP实现等开销负载均衡的配置

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  实验说明:通过使用debug命令基于每个分组和每个目的地来考察等开销负载均衡。

来源:zdnet整理 2011年5月22日

关键字: 负载均衡 网络管理

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  实验说明:通过使用debug命令基于每个分组和每个目的地来考察等开销负载均衡。

  

网络拓扑图

  实验配置:

  r1#sh run

  interface Ethernet0

  ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0

  !

  interface Serial0

  ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0

  !

  router rip

  network 10.0.0.0

  network 192.168.1.0

  !

  r2#sh run

  interface Loopback0

  ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0 secondary

  ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0

  !

  interface Serial0

  ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

  clockrate 64000

  !

  interface Serial1

  ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0

  clockrate 64000

  !

  router rip

  network 192.168.1.0

  network 192.168.2.0

  network 192.168.3.0

  !

  r3#sh run

  interface Ethernet0

  ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.0

  !

  interface Serial1

  ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0

  !

  router rip

  network 10.0.0.0

  network 192.168.2.0

  !

  r2#sh ip route

  Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

  D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

  N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

  E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

  i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

  * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

  P - periodic downloaded static route

  Gateway of last resort is not set

  R 10.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:23, Serial0

  [120/1] via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:19, Serial1

  C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0

  C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1

  C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0

  在R2的S0和S1上使用进程交换方式

  r2(config)#int s0

  r2(config)#no ip route-cache

  r2(config)#int s1

  r2(config)#no ip route-cache

  r2#sh ip int s0

  Serial0 is up, line protocol is up

  Internet address is 192.168.1.1/24

  Broadcast address is 255.255.255.255

  Address determined by setup command

  MTU is 1500 bytes

  Helper address is not set

  Directed broadcast forwarding is disabled

  Multicast reserved groups joined: 224.0.0.9

  Outgoing access list is not set

  Inbound access list is not set

  Proxy ARP is enabled

  Security level is default

  Split horizon is enabled

  ICMP redirects are always sent

  ICMP unreachables are always sent

  ICMP mask replies are never sent

  IP fast switching is disabled

  //快速交换方式已经关闭,现在为进程交换方式

  IP fast switching on the same interface is disabled

  IP Flow switching is disabled

  IP Null turbo vector

  IP multicast fast switching is disabled

  IP multicast distributed fast switching is disabled

  IP route-cache flags are None

  Router Discovery is disabled

  IP output packet accounting is disabled

  IP access violation accounting is disabled

  TCP/IP header compression is disabled

  RTP/IP header compression is disabled

  Probe proxy name replies are disabled

  Policy routing is disabled

  Network address translation is disabled

  WCCP Redirect outbound is disabled

  WCCP Redirect exclude is disabled

  BGP Policy Mapping is disabled

  检验负载均衡的效果

  r2#debug ip packet

  r2#ping

  Protocol [ip]:

  Target IP address: 10.0.0.1

  Repeat count [5]:

  Datagram size [100]:

  Timeout in seconds [2]:

  Extended commands [n]: y

  Source address or interface: 192.168.3.1

  Type of service [0]:

  Set DF bit in IP header? [no]:

  Validate reply data? [no]:

  Data pattern [0xABCD]:

  Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, Verbose[none]:

  Sweep range of sizes [n]:

  Type escape sequence to abort.

  Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.0.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

  !!!!!

  Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/31/32 ms

  00:59:05: IP: s=192.168.3.1 (local), d=10.0.0.1 (Serial0), len 100, sending

  00:59:05: IP: s=10.0.0.1 (Serial0), d=192.168.3.1, len 100, rcvd 4

  00:59:05: IP: s=192.168.3.1 (local), d=10.0.0.1 (Serial1), len 100, sending

  00:59:05: IP: s=10.0.0.1 (Serial0), d=192.168.3.1, len 100, rcvd 4

  00:59:05: IP: s=192.168.3.1 (local), d=10.0.0.1 (Serial0), len 100, sending

  00:59:05: IP: s=10.0.0.1 (Serial0), d=192.168.3.1, len 100, rcvd 4

  00:59:05: IP: s=192.168.3.1 (local), d=10.0.0.1 (Serial1), len 100, sending

  00:59:05: IP: s=10.0.0.1 (Serial0), d=192.168.3.1, len 100, rcvd 4

  00:59:05: IP: s=192.168.3.1 (local), d=10.0.0.1 (Serial0), len 100, sending

  00:59:05: IP: s=10.0.0.1 (Serial0), d=192.168.3.1, len 100, rcvd 4

  经过仔细的查找,终于找到了ping请求和应答产生的debug信息。查找分组发送时所经过的接口,我们看到R2的S0和S2被交替使用,可见RIP已经实现负载均衡。

  刚才我们注意到ping产生的debug信息和路由更新等产生的debug信息混杂在一起,非常不利于我们的查看,要让debug仅仅输出ping产生的信息,就要使用ACL匹配debug一起使用。

  r2(config)#access-list 101 permit icmp any 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255

  r2#debug ip packet 101 /只显示匹配ACL101的debug信息

  r2#ping 10.0.0.1

  Type escape sequence to abort.

  Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.0.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

  !!!!!

  Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 36/36/40 ms

  r2#

  01:21:52: IP: s=192.168.2.1 (local), d=10.0.0.1 (Serial1), len 100, sending

  01:21:52: IP: s=192.168.1.1 (local), d=10.0.0.1 (Serial0), len 100, sending

  01:21:52: IP: s=192.168.2.1 (local), d=10.0.0.1 (Serial1), len 100, sending

  01:21:52: IP: s=192.168.1.1 (local), d=10.0.0.1 (Serial0), len 100, sending

  01:21:52: IP: s=192.168.2.1 (local), d=10.0.0.1 (Serial1), len 100, sending

  可以看到现在debug信息只会显示Ping所产生的信息,并且目的地为10.0.0.0的ping 命令。

  以上验证了基于分组的负载均衡(在S0和S1上启用进程交换方式,强制路由器为每一个要进行的分组在路由表中查找目的网络)。下面的来验证基于目的地的负载均衡(在s0和s1上启用快速交换方式,路由器仅仅为第一个分组进行路由表查找,然后路由器把查找结果存于高速缓存中,之后的分组都按照缓存中的信息进行转发)。

  r2(config)#int s0

  r2(config-if)#ip route-cache

  r2(config-if)#int s1

  r2(config-if)#ip route-cache

  由于本路由器的ios版本不支持快速交换方式,因此看不出这个实验效果,待以后对IOS升级后再进行验证。

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