ASP.NET MVC路由配置详解

XD 首先说URL的构造。 其实这个也谈不上构造，只是语法特性吧。

一、命名参数规范+匿名对象

routes.MapRoute(name: "Default",url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}", defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional } ); 

构造路由然后添加

1. RoutemyRoute=newRoute("{controller}/{action}",newMvcRouteHandler());
2. routes.Add("MyRoute",myRoute);

二、直接方法重载+匿名对象

1. routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema","Shop/{action}",new{controller="Home"});

个人觉得第一种比较易懂，第二种方便调试，第三种写起来比较效率吧。各取所需吧。本文行文偏向于第三种。

1.默认路由(MVC自带)

1. routes.MapRoute(
2. "Default",//路由名称
3. "{controller}/{action}/{id}",//带有参数的URL
4. new{controller="Home",action="Index",id=UrlParameter.Optional}//参数默认值(UrlParameter.Optional-可选的意思));

2.静态URL段

1. routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema2","Shop/OldAction",new{controller="Home",action="Index"});
3. routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema","Shop/{action}",new{controller="Home"});
4. routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema2","Shop/OldAction.js",
5. new{controller="Home",action="Index"});

没有占位符路由就是现成的写死的。

比如这样写然后去访问http://localhost:XXX/Shop/OldAction.js，response也是完全没问题的。 controller , action , area这三个保留字就别设静态变量里面了。

3.自定义常规变量URL段

1. routes.MapRoute("MyRoute2","{controller}/{action}/{id}",new{controller="Home",action="Index",id="DefaultId"});

这种情况如果访问 /Home/Index 的话，因为第三段(id)没有值，根据路由规则这个参数会被设为DefaultId

这个用viewbag给title赋值就能很明显看出

1. ViewBag.Title=RouteData.Values["id"];

结果是标题显示为DefaultId， 注意要在控制器里面赋值，在视图赋值没法编译的。

4.再述默认路由

然后再回到默认路由。 UrlParameter.Optional这个叫可选URL段.路由里没有这个参数的话id为null。 照原文大致说法，这个可选URL段能用来实现一个关注点的分离。刚才在路由里直接设定参数默认值其实不是很好。照我的理解，实际参数是用户发来的，我们做的只是定义形式参数名。但是，如果硬要给参数赋默认值的话，建议用语法糖写到action参数里面。比如：

1. publicActionResultIndex(stringid="abcd"){ViewBag.Title=RouteData.Values["id"];returnView();}

5.可变长度路由

1. routes.MapRoute("MyRoute","{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",new{controller="Home",action="Index",id=UrlParameter.Optional});

在这里id和最后一段都是可变的，所以 /Home/Index/dabdafdaf 等效于 /Home/Index//abcdefdjldfiaeahfoeiho 等效于 /Home/Index/All/Delete/Perm/.....

6.跨命名空间路由

这个提醒一下记得引用命名空间，开启IIS网站不然就是404。这个非常非主流，不建议瞎搞。

1. routes.MapRoute("MyRoute","{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",new{controller="Home",action="Index",id=UrlParameter.Optional},new[]{"URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers","UrlsAndRoutes.Controllers"});

但是这样写的话数组排名不分先后的，如果有多个匹配的路由会报错。 然后作者提出了一种改进写法。

1. routes.MapRoute("AddContollerRoute","Home/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",new{controller="Home",action="Index",id=UrlParameter.Optional},new[]{"URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers"});
3. routes.MapRoute("MyRoute","{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",new{controller="Home",action="Index",id=UrlParameter.Optional},new[]{"URLsAndRoutes.Controllers"});

这样第一个URL段不是Home的都交给第二个处理 最后还可以设定这个路由找不到的话就不给后面的路由留后路啦，也就不再往下找啦。

1. RoutemyRoute=routes.MapRoute("AddContollerRoute",
2. "Home/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",
3. new{controller="Home",action="Index",id=UrlParameter.Optional},
4. new[]{"URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers"});myRoute.DataTokens["UseNamespaceFallback"]=false;

7.正则表达式匹配路由

1. routes.MapRoute("MyRoute","{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",
2. new{controller="Home",action="Index",id=UrlParameter.Optional},
3. new{controller="^H.*"},
4. new[]{"URLsAndRoutes.Controllers"});

约束多个URL

1. routes.MapRoute("MyRoute","{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",
2. new{controller="Home",action="Index",id=UrlParameter.Optional},
3. new{controller="^H.*",action="^Index$|^About$"},
4. new[]{"URLsAndRoutes.Controllers"});

8.指定请求方法

1. routes.MapRoute("MyRoute","{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",
3. new{controller="Home",action="Index",id=UrlParameter.Optional},
5. new{controller="^H.*",action="Index|About",httpMethod=newHttpMethodConstraint("GET")},
7. new[]{"URLsAndRoutes.Controllers"});

9.最后还是不爽的话自己写个类实现 IRouteConstraint的匹配方法。

1. usingSystem;
2. usingSystem.Collections.Generic;
3. usingSystem.Linq;
4. usingSystem.Web;
5. usingSystem.Web.Routing;
6. ///<summary>
7. ///Ifthestandardconstraintsarenotsufficientforyourneeds,youcandefineyourowncustomconstraintsbyimplementingtheIRouteConstraintinterface.
8. ///</summary>
9. publicclassUserAgentConstraint:IRouteConstraint
10. {
12. privatestringrequiredUserAgent;
13. publicUserAgentConstraint(stringagentParam)
14. {
15. requiredUserAgent=agentParam;
16. }
17. publicboolMatch(HttpContextBasehttpContext,Routeroute,stringparameterName,
18. RouteValueDictionaryvalues,RouteDirectionrouteDirection)
19. {
20. returnhttpContext.Request.UserAgent!=null&&
21. httpContext.Request.UserAgent.Contains(requiredUserAgent);
22. }
23. }

1. routes.MapRoute("ChromeRoute","{*catchall}",
3. new{controller="Home",action="Index"},
5. new{customConstraint=newUserAgentConstraint("Chrome")},
7. new[]{"UrlsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers"});

比如这个就用来匹配是否是用谷歌浏览器访问网页的。

10.访问本地文档

1. routes.RouteExistingFiles=true;
3. routes.MapRoute("DiskFile","Content/StaticContent.html",new{controller="Customer",action="List",});

浏览网站，以开启 IIS Express，然后点显示所有应用程序-点击网站名称-配置(applicationhost.config)-搜索UrlRoutingModule节点

1. <addname="UrlRoutingModule-4.0"type="System.Web.Routing.UrlRoutingModule"preCondition="managedHandler,runtimeVersionv4.0"/>

把这个节点里的preCondition删除，变成

1. <addname="UrlRoutingModule-4.0"type="System.Web.Routing.UrlRoutingModule"preCondition=""/>

11.直接访问本地资源，绕过了路由系统

1. routes.IgnoreRoute("Content/{filename}.html");

文件名还可以用 {filename}占位符。

IgnoreRoute方法是RouteCollection里面StopRoutingHandler类的一个实例。路由系统通过硬-编码识别这个Handler。如果这个规则匹配的话，后面的规则都无效了。 这也就是默认的路由里面routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");写最前面的原因。

三、路由测试(在测试项目的基础上，要装moq)

1. PM>Install-PackageMoq

1. usingSystem;
2. usingMicrosoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
3. usingSystem.Web;
4. usingMoq;
5. usingSystem.Web.Routing;
6. usingSystem.Reflection;
7. [TestClass]
8. publicclassRoutesTest
9. {
10. privateHttpContextBaseCreateHttpContext(stringtargetUrl=null,stringHttpMethod="GET")
11. {
12. //createthemockrequest
13. Mock<HttpRequestBase>mockRequest=newMock<HttpRequestBase>();
14. mockRequest.Setup(m=>m.AppRelativeCurrentExecutionFilePath)
15. .Returns(targetUrl);
16. mockRequest.Setup(m=>m.HttpMethod).Returns(HttpMethod);
17. //createthemockresponse
18. Mock<HttpResponseBase>mockResponse=newMock<HttpResponseBase>();
19. mockResponse.Setup(m=>m.ApplyAppPathModifier(
20. It.IsAny<string>())).Returns<string>(s=>s);
21. //createthemockcontext,usingtherequestandresponse
22. Mock<HttpContextBase>mockContext=newMock<HttpContextBase>();
23. mockContext.Setup(m=>m.Request).Returns(mockRequest.Object);
24. mockContext.Setup(m=>m.Response).Returns(mockResponse.Object);
25. //returnthemockedcontext
26. returnmockContext.Object;
27. }
29. privatevoidTestRouteMatch(stringurl,stringcontroller,stringaction,objectrouteProperties=null,stringhttpMethod="GET")
30. {
31. //Arrange
32. RouteCollectionroutes=newRouteCollection();
33. RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(routes);
34. //Act-processtheroute
35. RouteDataresult=routes.GetRouteData(CreateHttpContext(url,httpMethod));
36. //Assert
37. Assert.IsNotNull(result);
38. Assert.IsTrue(TestIncomingRouteResult(result,controller,action,routeProperties));
39. }
41. privateboolTestIncomingRouteResult(RouteDatarouteResult,stringcontroller,stringaction,objectpropertySet=null)
42. {
43. Func<object,object,bool>valCompare=(v1,v2)=>
44. {
45. returnStringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase
46. .Compare(v1,v2)==0;
47. };
48. boolresult=valCompare(routeResult.Values["controller"],controller)
49. &&valCompare(routeResult.Values["action"],action);
50. if(propertySet!=null)
51. {
52. PropertyInfo[]propInfo=propertySet.GetType().GetProperties();
53. foreach(PropertyInfopiinpropInfo)
54. {
55. if(!(routeResult.Values.ContainsKey(pi.Name)
56. &&valCompare(routeResult.Values[pi.Name],
57. pi.GetValue(propertySet,null))))
58. {
59. result=false;
60. break;
61. }
62. }
63. }
64. returnresult;
65. }
67. privatevoidTestRouteFail(stringurl)
68. {
69. //Arrange
70. RouteCollectionroutes=newRouteCollection();
71. RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(routes);
72. //Act-processtheroute
73. RouteDataresult=routes.GetRouteData(CreateHttpContext(url));
74. //Assert
75. Assert.IsTrue(result==null||result.Route==null);
76. }
78. [TestMethod]
79. publicvoidTestIncomingRoutes()
80. {
81. //checkfortheURLthatwehopetoreceive
82. TestRouteMatch("~/Admin/Index","Admin","Index");
83. //checkthatthevaluesarebeingobtainedfromthesegments
84. TestRouteMatch("~/One/Two","One","Two");
85. //ensurethattoomanyortoofewsegmentsfailstomatch
86. TestRouteFail("~/Admin/Index/Segment");//失败
87. TestRouteFail("~/Admin");//失败
88. TestRouteMatch("~/","Home","Index");
89. TestRouteMatch("~/Customer","Customer","Index");
90. TestRouteMatch("~/Customer/List","Customer","List");
91. TestRouteFail("~/Customer/List/All");//失败
92. TestRouteMatch("~/Customer/List/All","Customer","List",new{id="All"});
93. TestRouteMatch("~/Customer/List/All/Delete","Customer","List",new{id="All",catchall="Delete"});
94. TestRouteMatch("~/Customer/List/All/Delete/Perm","Customer","List",new{id="All",catchall="Delete/Perm"});
95. }
99. }

最后还是再推荐一下Adam Freeman写的apress.pro.asp.net.mvc.4这本书。稍微熟悉MVC的从第二部分开始读好了。（博客园）