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至顶网网络频道Cisco路由器安装向导

Cisco路由器安装向导

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对于每一个路由器来说,都有一个控制台接口(Console),管理员可以通过RS-232 线缆把控制口和一个终端的主口连接起来,通过这个终端对路由器进行配置.

作者:中国IT实验室 2007年8月13日

关键字: 路由器 路由器设置 路由器配置 路由器基础 路由协议 CISCO

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  对于每一个路由器来说,都有一个控制台接口(Console),管理员可以通过RS-232 线缆把控制口和一个终端的主口连接起来,通过这个终端对路由器进行配置.

  终端通讯参数设置为:

  速度: 9600bps

  起始位: 1位

  数据位: 8位

  停止位: 1或2位

  校验: 无   

  待终端通讯参数设置完毕后,接好路由器控制台,请先打开终端电源,后开路由器电源,之后就进入初始配置了.屏幕出现(以Cisco 2501为例):   

  System Bootstrap, Version 5.2(5), RELEASE SOFTWARE

  Copyright (c) 1986-1994 by cisco Systems

  2500 processor with 2048 Kbytes of main memory

  大约停顿1-2分钟,系统调入boot,请耐心等待   

  F3: 3996764+54172+225404 at 0x3000060   

  Restricted Rights Legend   

  Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is

  subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph

  (c) of the Commercial Computer Software - Restricted

  Rights clause at FAR sec. 52.227-19 and subparagraph

  (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer

  Software clause at DFARS sec. 252.227-7013.   

  cisco Systems, Inc.

  170 West Tasman Drive

  San Jose, California 95134-1706   

  Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software

  IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-I-L), Version 11.2(1), MAJOR RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)   

  Copyright (c) 1986-1996 by cisco Systems, Inc.

  Compiled Mon 30-Sep-96 12:07 by ajchopra

  Image text-base: 0x030215A4, data-base: 0x00001000   

  cisco 2500 (68030) processor (revision D) with 2048K/2048K bytes of memory.

  Processor board ID 02327592, with hardware revision 00000000

  Bridging software.

  X.25 software, Version 2.0, NET2, BFE and GOSIP compliant.

  1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)

  2 Serial network interface(s)

  32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.

  8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)   

  Notice: NVRAM invalid, possibly due to write erase.

  --- System Configuration Dialog ---   

  At any point you may enter a question mark '?' for help.

  Use ctrl-c to abort configuration dialog at any prompt.

  Default settings are in square brackets '[]'.

  Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes]:Return

  你是否要进入初始化配置?默认"是".   

  First, would you like to see the current interface summary? [yes]:Return

  首先,你是否想看一下当前端口的状态?默认"是".   

  Any interface listed with OK? value "NO" does not have a valid configuration

  下面会列出当前路由器所具有的硬件配置(包括局域网口和广域网口,以及个端口当前状态等等.)   

  Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol

  Ethernet0 unassigned NO unset up down

  Serial0 unassigned NO unset down down

  Serial1 unassigned NO unset down down   

  Configuring global parameters:   

  Enter host name [Router]: JSRouter

  设置系统名,如JSRouter.   

  The enable secret is a one-way cryptographic secret used

  instead of the enable password when it exists.   

  Enter enable secret: cisco

  设置进入priviledged EXEC 的密码   

  The enable password is used when there is no enable secret

  and when using older software and some boot images.   

  Enter enable password: cisco1 (1)

  Enter virtual terminal password: cisco

  设置进入虚拟终端登录到路由器的口令,即远程登录(telnet)的口令

  Configure SNMP Network Management? [yes]:Return

  是否设置简单网管协议?

  Community string [public]:Return   

  Configure IP? [yes]:Return

  是否设置IP协议?

  Configure IGRP routing? [yes]:Return (2)

  是否设置IGRP 路由协议?

  Your IGRP autonomous system number [1]:Return (3)

  你的IGRP 路由协议自治系统号(AS),默认为1.   

  Configuring interface parameters:

  下面配置端口参数   

  Configuring interface Ethernet0:Return

  Is this interface in use? [yes]:Return

  Configure IP on this interface? [yes]:Return

  IP address for this interface: 1.1.1.1

  Number of bits in subnet field [0]:Return (4)

  Class A network is 1.0.0.0, 0 subnet bits; mask is /8

  以上是配置以太口0,假设IP地址是1.1.1.1,掩码是255.0.0.0.   

  Configuring interface Serial0:Return

  Is this interface in use? [yes]:Return

  Configure IP on this interface? [yes]:Return

  Configure IP unnumbered on this interface? [no]:Return

  IP address for this interface: 2.1.1.1

  Number of bits in subnet field [0]:Return

  Class A network is 2.0.0.0, 0 subnet bits; mask is /8

  以上是配置串口0,假设IP地址是2.1.1.1,掩码是255.0.0.0.   

  Configuring interface Serial1:Return

  Is this interface in use? [yes]: no

  以上是当不需要用串口1时,请敲入no.   

  The following configuration command script was created:   

  hostname JSRouter

  enable secret 5 $1$Bv.r$j/Zm2B6jw9UTQPxLGZjAz.

  enable password cisco1

  line vty 0 4

  password cisco

  snmp-server community public

  !

  ip routing

  !

  interface Ethernet0

  ip address 1.1.1.1 255.0.0.0

  !

  interface Serial0

  ip address 2.1.1.1 255.0.0.0

  !

  interface Serial1

  shutdown

  no ip address

  !

  router igrp 1

  network 1.0.0.0

  network 2.0.0.0

  !

  end

  

  Use this configuration? [yes/no]: yes (5)

  确认当前配置后,把当前配置写入NVRAM 中.这样以后开机自动把配置调入内存,不需要重新配置了.   

  Building configuration...

  Use the enabled mode 'configure' command to modify this configuration.  

  Press RETURN to get started!   

  %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Ethernet0, changed state to down   

  %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to down

  %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1, changed state to down

  %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0, changed state to up

  %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to down

  %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to down

  %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial1, changed state to administratively down

  %SYS-5-RESTART: System restarted --

  Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software

  IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-I-L), Version 11.2(1), MAJOR RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1

  )

  Copyright (c) 1986-1996 by cisco Systems, Inc.

  Compiled Mon 30-Sep-96 12:07 by ajchopra

  JSRouter>en

  Password:(敲入密码,不反显的)

  JSRouter#   

  备注:   

  Enter enable password:-----这个口令是对于IOS 10.2以下版本适用,在IOS 10.3以上版本均使用secret,不再用password.在配置文件中, secret是加密显示的.

  现在我们通常都在IOS 10.3 版本以上,故无需password这个口令.

  另外,password和secret不能相同.   

  在初始配置中,默认的路由协议是IGRP,若敲入yes,则生成IGRP路由协议.假如不想使用IGRP协议,则打No,在配置模式下(conf t)选择路由协议.   

  自治系统 (autonomous system)-----它是一个域的概念.路由协议在一个 自制系统中可以交换路由信息,而在两个自制系统之间是不能直接传递路由信息的,必须通过类似网际路由协议才能互相通讯.这样就大大地缩小了路由表,减少它占用的带宽量,使网络具有扩展性.   

  Number of bits in subnet field [0]-----掩码子网的位数.举例说明:

  掩码为255.0.0.0的掩码子网位数是0,掩码共8位

  掩码为255.255.0.0的掩码子网位数8,掩码共16位

  掩码为255.255.255.0的掩码子网位数16,掩码共24位

  掩码为255.255.255.252的掩码子网位数22,掩码共30位

       Cisco命令系统是即时生效的,也就是说,配置

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