linux防火墙实现技术比较

struct ip_chain
{
ip_chainlabel label; /* Defines the label for each block */
struct ip_chain *next; /* Pointer to next block */
struct ip_fwkernel *chain; /* Pointer to first rule in block */
__u32 refcount; /* Number of refernces to block */
int policy; /* Default rule for chain. Only *
* used in built in chains */
struct ip_reent reent[0]; /* Actually several of these */
};

struct ip_fwkernel
{
struct ip_fw ipfw;
struct ip_fwkernel *next; /* where to go next if current
* rule doesn't match */
struct ip_chain *branch; /* which branch to jump to if
* current rule matches */
int simplebranch; /* Use this if branch == NULL */
struct ip_counters counters[0]; /* Actually several of these */
};

struct ip_fw
{
struct in_addr fw_src, fw_dst; /* Source and destination IP addr */
struct in_addr fw_smsk, fw_dmsk; /* Mask for src and dest IP addr */
__u32 fw_mark; /* ID to stamp on packet */
__u16 fw_proto; /* Protocol, 0 = ANY */
__u16 fw_flg; /* Flags word */
__u16 fw_invflg; /* Inverse flags */
__u16 fw_spts[2]; /* Source port range. */
__u16 fw_dpts[2]; /* Destination port range. */
__u16 fw_redirpt; /* Port to redirect to. */
__u16 fw_outputsize; /* Max amount to output to
NETLINK */
char fw_vianame[IFNAMSIZ]; /* name of interface "via" */
__u8 fw_tosand, fw_tosxor; /* Revised packet priority */
};

struct ipt_entry file://主要用来匹配IP头
struct ip_match file://额外的匹配（tcp头，mac地址等）
struct ip_target file://除缺省的动作外（如ACCEPT，DROP），可以增加新的（如REJECT）。
man iptable:
>A firewall rule specifies criteria for a packet, and a
>target. If the packet does not match, the next rule in
>the chain is the examined; if it does match, then the next
>rule is specified by the value of the target, which can be
>the name of a user-defined chain, or one of the special
>values ACCEPT, DROP, QUEUE, or RETURN.

/* Returns one of the generic firewall policies, like NF_ACCEPT. */
unsigned int
ipt_do_table(struct sk_buff **pskb,
unsigned int hook,
const struct net_device *in,
const struct net_device *out,
struct ipt_table *table,
void *userdata)
{
struct ipt_entry *e;
struct ipt_entry_target *t;
unsigned int verdict = NF_DROP;
table_base = (void *)table->priva