16. 资源限制
对你的系统上所有的用户设置资源限制可以防止DoS类型攻击(denial of service attacks)
如最大进程数,内存数量等。例如,对所有用户的限制象下面这样:
编辑/etc/security/limits.con加:
* hard core 0
* hard rss 5000
* hard nproc 20
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你也必须编辑/etc/pam.d/login文件加/检查这一行的存在。
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
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上面的命令禁止core files“core 0”,限制进程数为“nproc 50“,且限制内存使用
为5M“rss 5000”。
17. The /etc/lilo.conf file
a) Add: restricted
加这一行到每一个引导映像下面,就这表明如果你引导时用(linux single),则需要一个password.
b) Add: password=some_password
当与restricted联合用,且正常引导时,需要用户输入密码,你也要确保lilo.conf
文件不能被不属于root的用户可读,也免看到密码明文。下面是例子:
编辑/etc/lilo.conf加:
boot=/dev/sda
map=/boot/map
install=/boot/boot.b
prompt
timeout=50
Default=linux
restricted ?add this line.
password=some_password ?add this line.
image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.2.12-20
label=linux
initrd=/boot/initrd-2.2.12-10.img
root=/dev/sda6
read-only
[root@deep]# chmod 600 /etc/lilo.conf (不再能被其他用户可读).
[root@deep]# /sbin/lilo -v (更新lilo配置).
[root@deep]# chattr +i /etc/lilo.conf(阻止该文件被修改)
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18. 禁止 Control-Alt-Delete 重启动机器命令
[root@deep]# vi /etc/inittab
ca::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t3 -r now
To
#ca::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t3 -r now
[root@deep]# /sbin/init q
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19. 重新设置/etc/rc.d/init.d/目录下所有文件的许可权限
[root@deep]# chmod -R 700 /etc/rc.d/init.d/*
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仅仅root可以读,写,执行上述所有script file.
20. The /etc/rc.d/rc.local file
默认地,当你login到linux server时,它告诉你linux版本名,内核版本名和服务器
主机名。它给了你太多的信息,如果你就希望得到提示login: ,编辑
/etc/rc.d/rc.local放#在下面的行前面:
# This will overwrite /etc/issue at every boot. So, make any changes you
# want to make to /etc/issue here or you will lose them when you reboot.
#echo "" >; /etc/issue
#echo "$R" >;>; /etc/issue
#echo "Kernel $(uname -r) on $a $(uname -m)" >;>; /etc/issue
#
#cp -f /etc/issue /etc/issue.net
#echo >;>; /etc/issue
--
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然后,做下面的事情:
[root@deep]# rm -f /etc/issue
[root@deep]# rm -f /etc/issue.net
[root@deep]# touch /etc/issue
[root@deep]# touch /etc/issue.net
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21. 被root拥有的程序的位。
移走那些被root拥有程序的s位标志,当然有些程序需要这个,用命令‘chmod a-s’完成这个。
注:前面带(*)号的那些程序一般不需要拥有s位标志。
[root@deep]# find / -type f \( -perm -04000 -o -perm -02000 \) \-exec ls –lg {} \;
-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 33120 Mar 21 1999 /usr/bin/at
*-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 30560 Apr 15 20:03 /usr/bin/chage
*-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 29492 Apr 15 20:03 /usr/bin/gpasswd
-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 3208 Mar 22 1999 /usr/bin/disable-paste
-rwxr-sr-x 1 root man 32320 Apr 9 1999 /usr/bin/man
-r-s--x--x 1 root root 10704 Apr 14 17:21 /usr/bin/passwd
-rws--x--x 2 root root 517916 Apr 6 1999 /usr/bin/suidperl
-rws--x--x 2 root root 517916 Apr 6 1999 /usr/bin/sperl5.00503
-rwxr-sr-x 1 root mail 11432 Apr 6 1999 /usr/bin/lockfile
-rwsr-sr-x 1 root mail 64468 Apr 6 1999 /usr/bin/procmail
-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 21848 Aug 27 11:06 /usr/bin/crontab
-rwxr-sr-x 1 root slocate 15032 Apr 19 14:55 /usr/bin/slocate
*-r-xr-sr-x 1 root tty 6212 Apr 17 11:29 /usr/bin/wall
*-rws--x--x 1 root root 14088 Apr 17 12:57 /usr/bin/chfn
*-rws--x--x 1 root root 13800 Apr 17 12:57 /usr/bin/chsh
*-rws--x--x 1 root root 5576 Apr 17 12:57 /usr/bin/newgrp
*-rwxr-sr-x 1 root tty 8392 Apr 17 12:57 /usr/bin/write
-rwsr-x--- 1 root squid 14076 Oct 7 14:48 /usr/lib/squid/pinger
-rwxr-sr-x 1 root utmp 15587 Jun 9 09:30 /usr/sbin/utempter
*-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 5736 Apr 19 15:39 /usr/sbin/usernetctl
*-rwsr-xr-x 1 root bin 16488 Jul 6 09:35 /usr/sbin/traceroute
-rwsr-sr-x 1 root root 299364 Apr 19 16:38 /usr/sbin/sendmail
-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 34131 Apr 16 18:49 /usr/libexec/pt_chown
-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 13208 Apr 13 14:58 /bin/su
*-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 52788 Apr 17 15:16 /bin/mount
*-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 26508 Apr 17 20:26 /bin/umount
*-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 17652 Jul 6 09:33 /bin/ping
-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 20164 Apr 17 12:57 /bin/login
*-rwxr-sr-x 1 root root 3860 Apr 19 15:39 /sbin/netreport
-r-sr-xr-x 1 root root 46472 Apr 17 16:26 /sbin/pwdb_chkpwd
[root@deep]# chmod a-s /usr/bin/chage
[root@deep]# chmod a-s /usr/bin/gpasswd
[root@deep]# chmod a-s /usr/bin/wall
[root@deep]# chmod a-s /usr/bin/chfn
[root@deep]# chmod a-s /usr/bin/chsh
[root@deep]# chmod a-s /usr/bin/newgrp
[root@deep]# chmod a-s /usr/bin/write
[root@deep]# chmod a-s /usr/sbin/usernetctl
[root@deep]# chmod a-s /usr/sbin/traceroute
[root@deep]# chmod a-s /bin/mount
[root@deep]# chmod a-s /bin/umount
[root@deep]# chmod a-s /bin/ping
[root@deep]# chmod a-s /sbin/netreport
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